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Maha Kapphina
Maha Kapphina (''Kappina, Kaphina, Kapphina, Kampilla, Kaphila or Kashphila, or Maha Kappina''),〔Lalitavistara has the variants of Kapphina as Kaphila or Kashphila (See: Indian Linguistics, 1966, p 499, Linguistic Society of India.〕 also called Maha Kapphina Thera, was an eminent Arahant from Uttarapatha and is considered foremost among those who taught the monks.〔Anguttara Nikaya, I, p 25.〕 Maha Kapphina was his monastic name. He became disciple of Buddha and is one of the five hundred Arahants who will be born as future Buddhas, according to the Buddhist beliefs. The reference to Kapphina is found in the Jatakas, ''Manorathapurani'', the commentary on Dhammapada,〔Book VI. The Wise man, Pandita Vagga, 4=79.〕 Visuddh magga, Samyutta Saratthappakasini Commentary, Simuutta Nikaya, Anguttara Nikaya, Vinaya Pitaka, Theragāthā, Theragāthā Commentary etc., as well as in the Sanskrit ''Avadanashatika''.〔Buddhist Savants of Kashmir, 1987, p 87, Advaitavadini Kaul.〕
==Biography==
Kapphina was born in a city called Kukkata (Kukkutavati according to some accounts) in a kingdom, three hundred yojanas in extent.〔See: Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 2003, pp 614, 613, and see also p 473, G. P. Malalasekera.〕〔According to G. P. Malalasekera, Kukkuta was probably the name of the kingdom and Kukkatavati that of its capital (See: Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 2003, pp 614, G. P. Malalasekera).〕 It was a frontier kingdom,〔Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 2003, p 473, G. P. Malalasekera.〕〔A History of Pāli Literature, 2000, p 497, B. C. Law.〕〔Northern India According to the Shui-ching-chu, 1950, p 66, Luciano Petech, Daoyuan Li.〕 located near Himavanta or ''Himalaya''〔Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 2003, p 613, G. P. Malalasekera.〕〔Himalaya of the ancient texts and traditions extended from eastern ocean to western ocean and, thus included Hindukush and Karakoram ranges as well (Ref: Sumangavilasini,I.1; Geographical Data in Early Puranas, 1972, p 65).〕 and was ruled by his father on whose death, he became its ruler under the name Maha Kapphina—Kapphina or Kappina being probably his appellative rather than a given name. His chief queen ''Anoja'' was a princess from ''Sagala'' of the Madra kingdom.
Soon after ascending the throne, Kappina got attracted towards Buddhism through the medium of traders from Savatthi (Sarasvati in eastern UP)〔Ancient capital of Kosala.〕 who had visited Kukkatavati and told him about of the appearance in the world of Buddha, the Law, and the Sangha. Immediately on hearing this news, King Maha Kapphina and his thousand courtiers and Queen Anoja and her thousand ladies-in-waiting had given splendid gifts and set out to visit and see the Buddha in person. In this manner they crossed three rivers on dry foot: the Aravacchā, the Nilavāhana, and the Chandrabhaga on making Acts of Truth. The Buddha perceived them coming with his divine eye, and after he had eaten at Savatthi, went through the air to the banks of river Chandrabhaga (Chenab) and sat down under the great banyan tree facing the landing stage of the river. Maha Kapphina and his men saw the Buddha and prostrated themselves before him. The Buddha taught them the Doctrine and they all retired from the world, became arahants and joined the Order. Maha Kapphina exclaims wherever he goes: ''"aho sukham!, aho sukham"!!'' (''Oh happiness!'', ''Oh happiness!!''!). The monks conclude that Kapphina has in mind the happiness of ruling. The Buddha informs that Kapphina refers to the happiness of Nibhana.〔Book VI, Pandita Vagga, The Wiseman, 4=79; Harvard Oriental Series, 1921, p 101, Harvard University - Sanskrit literature.〕〔Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 2003, p 474, G. P. Malalasekera.〕
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